[Top] [Prev] [Next] [Bottom]
Diese Arbeit ist Teil der Dissertationen unter http://www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/services/dissonline/

12. Anhang

A Elektronen- und Orbitalkonfiguration für die Elemente im Grundzustand

Element n Besetzung
H 1 1
He 1 2
Li 4 1 0 0 0
Be 4 1 1 0 0
B 4 1 1 1 0
C 4 1 1 1 1
N 4 2 1 1 1
O 4 2 2 1 1
F 4 2 2 2 1
Ne 4 2 2 2 2
Na 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mg 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Al 9 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Si 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
P 9 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
S 9 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Cl 9 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ar 9 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
K 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ca 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sc 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ti 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
V 11 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cr 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mn 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Fe 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Co 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ni 11 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Cu 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Zn 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 9 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ge 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
As 9 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Se 9 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Br 9 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Kr 9 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Rb 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sr 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Y 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Zr 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nb 11 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mo 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Tc 11 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ru 11 1 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Rh 11 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Pd 11 0 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Ag 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Cd 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
In 9 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sn 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Sb 9 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Te 9 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
I 9 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Xe 9 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Cs 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ba 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
La 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ce 14 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pr 14 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nd 14 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pm 14 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sm 14 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Eu 14 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Gd 14 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Tb 14 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Dy 14 2 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Ho 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Er 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
Tm 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0
Yb 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0
Lu 14 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0
Hf 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ta 11 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W 11 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Re 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Os 11 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Ir 11 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Pt 11 1 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Au 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Hg 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Tl 9 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pb 9 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Bi 9 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Po 9 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
At 9 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0
Rn 9 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
Fr 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ra 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ac 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Th 14 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pa 14 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
U 14 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Np 14 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pu 14 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Am 14 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Cm 14 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Bk 14 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Cf 14 2 0 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Es 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
Fm 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0
Md 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0
No 14 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0
Ln 14 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0

B Valenztabelle zur Erkennung ungültiger Strukturen

Die Tabelle enthält die Untergrenzen und Obergrenzen, die für die äquilibrierte Ladung eines Atoms während der Valenzüberprüfung in den verschiedenen Kategorien eingehalten werden müssen. Dabei stehen O für organische, A für anorganische Verbindungen sowie O-MS für organische und AO-MS für anorganische Verbinungen in massenspektrometrischen Prozessen.

Element Untergrenze Obergrenze
O A O-MS A-MS O A O-MS A-MS
H 0 -1 0 -1 1 1 1 1
He 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Li 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Be 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
B 0 -1 0 -1 0 1 0 1
C -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
N -1 -3 -1 -3 1 1 1 1
O -1 -2 -1 -2 1 1 1 1
F -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 0 1
Ne 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Na 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Mg 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Al 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Si -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
P -1 -3 -1 -3 1 1 1 1
S -1 -2 -1 -2 1 1 1 1
Cl -1 -1 -1 -1 1 4 1 4
Ar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
K 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Ca 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Sc 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Ti 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
V 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Cr 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Mn 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7
Fe 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Co 0 -1 0 -1 0 4 0 4
Ni 0 -1 0 -1 0 4 0 4
Cu 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Zn 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Ge -1 -1 -1 -1 0 4 0 4
As -1 -3 -1 -3 0 5 0 5
Se -1 -2 -1 -2 0 6 0 6
Br -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1
Kr 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Rb 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Sr 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Y 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Zr 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Nb 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Mo 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Tc 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7
Ru 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7
Rh 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Pd 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Ag 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Cd 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
In 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Sn 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Sb -1 -1 -1 -1 0 5 0 5
Te -1 -1 -1 -1 0 6 0 6
I -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 0 1
Xe 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 8
Cs 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Ba 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
La 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Ce 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Pr 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Nd 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Pm 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Sm 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Eu 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Gd 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Tb 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Dy 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Ho 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Er 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Tm 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Yb 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Lu 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Hf 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Ta 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
W 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Re 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7
Os 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 8
Ir 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Pt 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Au 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Hg 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Tl 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Pb 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Bi -1 -1 -1 -1 0 5 0 5
Po -1 -1 -1 -1 0 6 0 6
At -1 -1 -1 -1 0 1 0 1
Rn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fr 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Ra 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Th 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Pa 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
U 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Np 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7
Pu 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 7
Am 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 6
Cm 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Bk 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Cf 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Es 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Fm 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Md 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
No 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Ln 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3
Ku 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Lp 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2

C Symbole, die in den Klassendiagrammen verwendet werden.


[Top] [Prev] [Next] [Bottom]
Diese Arbeit ist Teil der Dissertationen unter http://www2.chemie.uni-erlangen.de/services/dissonline/